Here is the link to another quite extended piece this time on Cambodia's history originally from Lonely Planet. It divides this into three periods of history which it describes as:
The Good
The Bad
The Ugly
This site will act as our guide for the different countries we will be visiting on our train ride home and will contain for each country: useful phrases, taboos, budgeting information, places to see, places to stay, places to eat, methods of local transport, and anything else that we turn up in our research.
Monday, 12 November 2012
Chinese History
Follow this link to find a big chunk of information from Lonely Planet about China's history. It divides into two categories which I will try to expand upon:
Pre-20th Century History
Modern History
Pre-20th Century History
Modern History
Chinese Culture
Follow this link to find out some tidbits about Chinese culture. The culture is divided there into the following categories which I will try to expand upon as I read up more:
People
Non-verbal Communication
Food
Architecture
Transportation
Education
Languages
Religion
Music
People
Non-verbal Communication
Food
Architecture
Transportation
Education
Languages
Religion
Music
Vietnamese History
Follow this link to find some tidbits originally from Lonely Planet. The history of Vietnam seems to fit under four periods:
Chinese Rule
Vietnamese Rule
French Rule
Vietnamese Communist Rule
And here is a further overview and timeline of events from BBC's country profile of Vietnam.
And here is a further overview and timeline of events from BBC's country profile of Vietnam.
Sunday, 4 November 2012
Malaysian language
Malay alphabet
A Malay alphabet table from this website. I’ve made some adjustments based on what it says in the
accompanying pronunciation videos (one for vowels and
the other for consonants).
Malay Alphabet
|
English Sound
|
Pronunciation Example
|
a
|
[a]
|
as in father
|
b
|
[b]
|
as in bay
|
c
|
[ʨ]
|
ch as in chair
|
d
|
[d]
|
as in day
|
e
|
[ɛ] or [ə] or [eɪ]
|
as in elephant or as in fur or as in ray
|
f
|
[f]
|
as in fine
|
g
|
[ɡ]
|
as in gold not gentle
|
h
|
[h]
|
as in house
|
i
|
[i]
|
'ee' as in meat
|
j
|
[ʥ]
|
as in job
|
k
|
[k]
|
as in kitchen, more softly
pronounced if at end of word
|
l
|
[l]
|
as in life
|
m
|
[m]
|
as in man
|
n
|
[n]
|
as in nice
|
o
|
[o]
|
as in olive
|
p
|
[p]
|
as in pool
|
q
|
[k]
|
as in kiss
|
r
|
[r]
|
as in rice
|
s
|
[s]
|
as in smile
|
t
|
[t]
|
as in time
|
u
|
[u]
|
'oo' as in mood
|
v
|
[f]
|
f as in free
|
w
|
[w]
|
as in wind
|
x
|
[ks]
|
as in wax
|
y
|
[j]
|
as in year
|
z
|
[z]
|
as in Zulu
|
ng
|
eng
|
as in hanging, or Thai งู (nguu)
|
ny
|
nye
|
as in mañana or El Niño
|
kh
|
kha
|
as in Bach or loch
|
sy
|
sya
|
as in shield
|
ngg
|
nng
|
as in bingo
|
Differences from standard English pronunciation of the 26 letters of the alphabet to note are that the letter c is pronounced [ch] as in chair and the letter v is pronounced [f] as in free. According to the consonants video, k is always pronounced softly at the end of words rather as it is in Thai. The video also says that g is only ever pronounced hard as it is in gold and never soft as it is in gentle.
The vowels video says that there are
two ways of pronouncing e – as the vowel sound in fur or
as the vowel sound in ray. The table on the website gives a third way of
pronouncing it – as it is in elephant. I don’t know which to trust so I’ve put
all three into the table on our site (I will do some more research on this).
The combination consonants ng as in singing and ngg as in bingo are like Thai's ง (ngor nguu) in that they can form the starting consonant of words. A quick note to explain how ngg works: in English, for the two-syllable word bingo, you say ng in the first syllable (bing) and then g in the second syllable (go) and this is exactly what you should do in words that are spelt with ngg in Malay.
kh as in Bach or loch will be easy enough for a Scot to say. A conflicting piece of information from the consonants video though is that words which begin with this combination are either pronounced with a dominant k or a dominant h, and you just need to learn which ones are pronounced which way.
For the other combination consonants, ny as in mañana is also commonly heard pronounced in the meteorological event El Niño. sy is the least obvious one to know how to pronounce on first sight; the table says it should be pronounced [sh] as in shield.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)